[FEATURE]: Add TypeScript type checking #7678

Description

Add TypeScript type checking to plotly.js.

Why should this feature be added?

It's often difficult to know what the data structure looks like for passed arguments when developing plotly.js. Adding types would make development easier.

Notes

• Existing type information can be utilized as a starting point, such as @types/plotly.js
• The config can be set up such that files can be converted gradually
• esbuild can already handle TypeScript (though it only strips out types), so the build process shouldn't need to change
• Type checking can be provided the TypeScript compiler
• Eventually, types could be included in the library for public use