[C++] Add experimental pull-based iterator structures to C interface implementation #25812

This purpose of this would be to validate some initial use cases / workflows prior to potentially formalizing the interface in the C ABI

Reporter: Wes McKinney / @wesm
Assignee: Antoine Pitrou / @pitrou

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #8052

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-9761. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}