[Release] Make the source release verification script restartable #23988

Executing the verification script can take quite some time, so creating a new environment in case if anything fails is time consuming.

Let the script reuse the same build directory for source release verification.

Reporter: Krisztian Szucs / @kszucs
Assignee: Krisztian Szucs / @kszucs

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #6344

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-7750. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}