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fix(worker): route worker_threads errors like the web surface, and fire once listeners once - #491

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adrian-niculescu:fix/worker-threads-error-routing

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@adrian-niculescu adrian-niculescu commented Oct 6, 2026 •

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A parentPort.on("message") listener that throws never reaches the worker's onerror or the parent's worker.on("error"). The relay dispatched without rethrowing, so the throw went to the uncaught-error reporter and stopped there. It now dispatches the way worker-global message delivery does.

A worker.on("error") listener received the runtime's ErrorEvent instead of an Error, and an error it handled was also reported to the parent's global scope as unhandled. The worker now sends the thrown value's name and message with the error payload, and the parent rebuilds an Error from them and the worker's stack, with the built-in constructor when the name is a built-in one. The listener receives that Error, as in Node. The emitter's emit reports whether a listener ran, as Node's does, and the Worker cancels the event when one did. An error nothing handled reaches the parent's global error event carrying the same Error.

A once listener could fire twice: when an earlier listener emitted the same event again, the nested emit fired and removed it, and the outer emit then called it a second time from its snapshot. A once registration now records that it fired, as Node's once wrapper does, so a once listener an earlier listener removed still fires, as in Node.

The same worker fix for Android is NativeScript/android#2065.

The NSURLSession download completion spec uses the existing loopback HTTP fixture and checks the response and downloaded contents, so it does not depend on a Wikimedia download completing within Jasmine's five-second timeout.

Validation: the full TestRunner suite passed on an iPhone 17 simulator with Xcode 26.6: 1,746 tests, zero failures or errors, 11 skipped. The download completed in 4 ms. Isolated callback probes also covered HTTP and read errors, wrong contents, cancellation before the callback, and cancellation before queued completion.

Concurrency

  • Nested emits: the first invocation marks a once registration as fired before calling it; an outer snapshot skips a registration already fired by a nested emit.
  • Worker error delivery and teardown: the posted task captures the error payload and parent persistent handle by value, without retaining the worker wrapper; an empty handle ends delivery.
  • Download completion and test timeout: cleanup clears the active task before cancelling it. The callback and queued main-thread completion require that same task to remain active, so a late callback cannot complete another spec. Jasmine's five-second deadline remains unchanged.

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • Bug Fixes
    • Worker errors handled by registered error listeners are no longer also reported to the parent scope’s global error listener.
    • One-time event listeners now run only once, even when an event is emitted recursively while the listener is running.
    • Errors thrown by message handlers are delivered to the parent worker’s error listener exactly once.
    • Worker errors retain their name, message, and stack when reported to the parent, including errors such as AbortError.
    • Emitting an event with no registered listeners now correctly reports that it was not handled.
  • Documentation
    • Worker thread documentation now explains how errors are reconstructed and reported in the parent.

…errors like the web surface

A parentPort listener that threw was dispatched without rethrowing, so the error went to the uncaught-error reporter and never reached the worker's onerror or its parent. The relay now dispatches the way worker-global message delivery does.

The worker_threads Worker's onerror handler returned nothing, so an error its 'error' listeners took was also reported to the parent's global scope as unhandled. It returns whether a listener ran, which cancels the event.
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📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

Worker error forwarding now carries thrown-value details to the parent and rebuilds errors for worker event listeners. Worker error listeners can cancel propagation to the parent global scope. Emitter behavior and parent-port exception relaying also changed. Tests and documentation cover these changes. The API download test now uses a configured host.

Changes

Worker error and event handling

Layer / File(s) Summary
Forward thrown values across isolates
NativeScript/runtime/DataWrapper.h, NativeScript/runtime/NativeScriptException.mm, NativeScript/runtime/Worker.h, NativeScript/runtime/Worker.mm, NativeScript/runtime/WorkerWrapper.mm
Worker error forwarding carries the thrown value. The worker isolate derives the error name and message when available. The parent loop uses the value returned by Worker::EmitError to dispatch the error or stop propagation.
Rebuild and deliver worker errors
NativeScript/runtime/js/primordials.js, NativeScript/runtime/js/worker-events.js, NativeScript/runtime/NsBuiltinModules.cpp, NativeScript/runtime/js/node-worker-threads.js, TestRunner/app/tests/MessagingTests.js, TestRunner/app/tests/messaging/domExceptionThrowingWorker.js, TestRunner/app/tests/messaging/onerrorRethrowingWorker.js, docs/ns-builtin-modules.md, docs/worker-threads.md, eslint.config.mjs
worker-events rebuilds errors using the forwarded name, message, and stack. An "error" listener receives the rebuilt error and prevents propagation to the parent global scope. Tests cover ordinary errors, DOMException, and error details containing unusual characters. Documentation describes the delivery behavior.
Update emitter and parent-port relay
NativeScript/runtime/js/node-worker-threads.js, TestRunner/app/tests/MessagingTests.js, TestRunner/app/tests/messaging/parentPortThrowingWorker.js
WorkerEmitter.emit reports whether listeners exist and prevents a once-listener from firing again during nested emission. The parent-port relay uses rethrowing dispatch. Tests cover reentrant once-listeners and exceptions from parent-port listeners.

API test download

Layer / File(s) Summary
Use the configured host for API downloads
TestRunner/app/tests/ApiTests.js, TestRunnerTests/ModuleTestServer.swift
The download test skips when REPORT_BASEURL is unset. Otherwise, it downloads /esm/data.json and checks the response and file contents. The test server comment now lists API tests as a client.

Priority: ⬇️ Low

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~25 minutes

Change: Bug fix

Sequence Diagram(s)

sequenceDiagram
  participant WorkerWrapper
  participant WorkerEmitError
  participant WorkerEvents
  participant WorkerEmitter
  participant ParentGlobalScope
  WorkerWrapper->>WorkerEmitError: Forward error details
  WorkerEmitError->>WorkerEvents: Call emitError with name and message
  WorkerEvents->>WorkerEmitter: Emit event with rebuilt error
  WorkerEmitter->>ParentGlobalScope: Dispatch if the event is not canceled
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Suggested reviewers: edusperoni

Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to 73ec1

The reviewed changes are limited to a test and a comment, so the merge-readiness risk is minimal. The worker error-routing changes elsewhere in the PR were not part of this incremental review.

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Title check ✅ Passed The title accurately identifies the two main changes: worker error routing and preventing reentrant duplicate invocation of once listeners. It is specific and concise.
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Error names cross the bridge without fail.
Once listeners fire once, then rest,
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… reentrant emit

An earlier listener that emitted the same event again let the nested emit fire and remove a later once listener, and the outer emit then called it a second time from its snapshot. A once registration now records that it fired, as Node's once wrapper does.
@adrian-niculescu adrian-niculescu changed the title fix(worker): route parentPort listener throws and handled Node-style errors like the web surface fix(worker): route worker_threads errors like the web surface, and fire once listeners once Oct 6, 2026
@adrian-niculescu
adrian-niculescu marked this pull request as ready for review October 6, 2026 19:22
@edusperoni

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Thanks, the once-wrapper and relay changes look right. I checked the once semantics against Node 24.18 and lib/events.js on main: the fired flag matches _onceWrap, and the nested-emit case produces the same call sequence.

Two things before merging:

  1. What worker.on("error") receives. worker.onerror forwards the runtime's ErrorEvent, so a Node-style listener gets an event object, not an Error. In Node the listener gets the deserialized error (instanceof Error is true, name and message preserved). The new spec only asserts error.message, which both shapes satisfy, so it can't tell them apart. Could you build an Error from the event in worker.onerror (message, with stack from event.stackTrace) and have the spec assert error instanceof Error? The error name doesn't survive the forwarding payload today; that can stay a follow-up.

  2. The cancel. return self.emit("error", error) works because this runtime treats a truthy return from Worker.prototype.onerror as handled. Per HTML that's inverted for a Worker object: special error event handling only applies to global scopes, and on a Worker object return false is what cancels. We pin our behavior in the shared tests, so it isn't wrong here, but if (self.emit("error", error)) error.preventDefault(); says what it means and doesn't lean on that contract.

Not for this PR, just recording the remaining gap: Node terminates the worker after an uncaught throw and emits exit with code 1. We keep the worker alive and exit is always 0. No spec covers either side of that.

…rom the thrown value

A worker_threads 'error' listener received the runtime's ErrorEvent, not an Error, and the message it carried was V8's "Uncaught Error: ..." text. The worker now reads the thrown value's name and message and forwards them with the error payload. The parent rebuilds an Error from them with the worker's stack, using the built-in constructor the name belongs to, and the parent's global error event carries that same Error when nothing handled it.

The Worker shim cancels an error its listeners took with preventDefault() rather than through the truthy-return contract of onerror.
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Both done, here and in NativeScript/android#2065.

  1. worker.on("error") now receives an Error. Building it from the event alone would have kept the wrong message: event.message is V8's Uncaught Error: boom text, not the error's own message. So the worker reads the thrown value's name and message and sends them with the rest of the error payload, and the parent rebuilds the error from those plus stackTrace, with the matching built-in constructor when there is one. That carries the name as well, so nothing is left for a follow-up, and a DOMException keeps its name too. The specs assert instanceof Error and the exact message, the parentPort one throws a TypeError and asserts instanceof TypeError, and a new one covers a DOMException. When nothing handles the error, the parent's global error event gets the same rebuilt error instead of Error("Uncaught Error: ..."). A thrown value with no string message, such as a string or a number, arrives as an Error whose message is its string form; worker-threads.md documents that, since Node hands over the raw value. The shim reads the rebuilt error off the event through a symbol from internal/worker-events, so event.error stays null, as the shared WorkerEvents spec expects.

  2. Switched to if (self.emit("error", error)) event.preventDefault();.

On the exit code: agreed. I also corrected the #reportExit comment, which claimed the shared suite pins exit 0 for every way a worker ends; it only covers terminate(). I can make a worker that dies from an uncaught error terminate and emit exit with 1 in this PR, or leave it out. Which do you prefer?

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Inline comments:
Review comments at @NativeScript/runtime/WorkerWrapper.mm:
- Around line 649-657: Update DescribeThrownValue to enter the supplied context
before converting the thrown value or accessing its name and message, so these
operations run with the worker context active for every caller.

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  • NativeScript/runtime/DataWrapper.h
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  • NativeScript/runtime/NsBuiltinModules.cpp
  • NativeScript/runtime/Worker.h
  • NativeScript/runtime/Worker.mm
  • NativeScript/runtime/WorkerWrapper.mm
  • NativeScript/runtime/js/node-worker-threads.js
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  • TestRunner/app/tests/messaging/domExceptionThrowingWorker.js
  • TestRunner/app/tests/messaging/parentPortThrowingWorker.js
  • docs/ns-builtin-modules.md
  • docs/worker-threads.md
  • eslint.config.mjs

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Comment thread NativeScript/runtime/WorkerWrapper.mm
…r throws

Reading the stack of the error being reported could run a `stack` getter, and a getter that threw replaced that error in the TryCatch holding it, so the parent rebuilt the getter's error instead. The stack reads now run under their own TryCatch.

The thrown value's name and message travel to the parent as UTF-16, so an unpaired surrogate arrives as thrown rather than as U+FFFD.
@edusperoni

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@adrian-niculescu could you rebase on top of latest main? I merged a few changed on the workers (so we could have our own ns:worker_threads with our own typings which created some slight conflicts.

Also, please revert that testing change on the network side, if needed we'll address that on another PR

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