[illuminati1911]

Summary

• Retry HTTP 429 before response extraction, respecting retry_over_query_limit; disabling retries raises HTTPError(429) even with custom extractors.
• Honor Retry-After delay-seconds and HTTP dates; missing or invalid values use the existing jittered backoff.
• Bound HTTP 429 waits by the remaining retry_timeout and check the deadline before retry requests, including mixed-status chains.
• Close rate-limited responses before retrying or raising, and add regression coverage, client documentation, and a changelog entry.

The existing transient-status set omits HTTP 429: https://github.com/googlemaps/google-maps-services-python/blob/d3b71ab1333cff0f900d2db6b39c1356341a5ea2/googlemaps/client.py#L49-L51

Header handling follows RFC 9110: https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9110.html#section-10.2.3

Verification

On Python 3.10.20:

• python -m pytest tests/test_client.py — 43 passed, including 17 new retry tests.
• python -m pytest — 122 passed.
• Real localhost HTTP checks passed for 429 recovery, header/date handling, invalid-header fallback, opt-out including custom extraction, timeout enforcement, and existing 503 retries. No Google Maps requests or real credentials were used.
• nox --download-python never -s docs --force-python 3.10 — passed; visually inspected the changed documentation and rendered changelog.
• Diff/whitespace checks passed.

The prescribed Python 3.7 docs build remains unverified because that interpreter is unavailable. The Python 3.10 build is supplemental. Tests ran directly using the repository's test dependencies, avoiding the automatic Codecov upload.