sqlite: reject deserialize() while in a callback

deserialize() could be called from a user-defined function invoked
during statement execution, tearing down the database connection while
sqlite3_step() was still using it. Reuse the existing callback depth
check to throw ERR_INVALID_STATE instead, matching the guard already
in place for close().

Signed-off-by: Kamat, Trivikram <16024985+trivikr@users.noreply.github.com>
Assisted-by: codex:gpt-5.6-sol
PR-URL: #64796
Refs: #64795
Reviewed-By: Stephen Belanger <admin@stephenbelanger.com>

Author: trivikr

doc/api/sqlite.md

@@ -607,8 +607,10 @@ added: v24.16.0
 Loads a serialized database into this connection, replacing the current
 database. The deserialized database is writable. Existing prepared statements
 are finalized before deserialization is attempted, even if the operation
-subsequently fails. This method is a wrapper around
-[`sqlite3_deserialize()`][].
+subsequently fails. An [`ERR_INVALID_STATE`][] error is thrown if the method is
+called while a database callback is on the stack, for example a user-defined
+function, an aggregate function, an authorizer, or a changeset filter or conflict
+handler. This method is a wrapper around [`sqlite3_deserialize()`][].
 
 ```mjs
 import { DatabaseSync } from 'node:sqlite';
@@ -1753,6 +1755,7 @@ callback function to indicate what type of operation is being authorized.
 [SQL injection]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL_injection
 [Type conversion between JavaScript and SQLite]: #type-conversion-between-javascript-and-sqlite
 [`ATTACH DATABASE`]: https://www.sqlite.org/lang_attach.html
+[`ERR_INVALID_STATE`]: errors.md#err_invalid_state
 [`PRAGMA foreign_keys`]: https://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragma_foreign_keys
 [`SQLITE_DBCONFIG_DEFENSIVE`]: https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_dbconfig_defensive.html#sqlitedbconfigdefensive
 [`SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC`]: https://www.sqlite.org/c3ref/c_deterministic.html

src/node_sqlite.cc

@@ -1871,6 +1871,10 @@ void DatabaseSync::Deserialize(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) {
   ASSIGN_OR_RETURN_UNWRAP(&db, args.This());
   Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args);
   THROW_AND_RETURN_ON_BAD_STATE(env, !db->IsOpen(), "database is not open");
+  THROW_AND_RETURN_ON_BAD_STATE(
+      env,
+      db->IsInCallback(),
+      "database cannot be deserialized while in a callback");
 
   if (!args[0]->IsUint8Array()) {
     THROW_ERR_INVALID_ARG_TYPE(env->isolate(),

test/parallel/test-sqlite-serialize.js

@@ -190,6 +190,23 @@ suite('DatabaseSync.prototype.deserialize()', () => {
     });
   });
 
+  test('throws if called while in a callback', (t) => {
+    const source = new DatabaseSync(':memory:');
+    const serialized = source.serialize();
+    source.close();
+
+    const db = new DatabaseSync(':memory:');
+    t.after(() => db.close());
+    db.function('deserialize_database', () => db.deserialize(serialized));
+    const stmt = db.prepare('SELECT deserialize_database()');
+
+    t.assert.throws(() => stmt.get(), {
+      code: 'ERR_INVALID_STATE',
+      message: 'database cannot be deserialized while in a callback',
+    });
+    t.assert.strictEqual(db.isOpen, true);
+  });
+
   test('throws if buffer argument is not a Uint8Array', (t) => {
     const db = new DatabaseSync(':memory:');
     t.assert.throws(() => {