rgpot

rgpot is a potential-energy library and Cap'n Proto RPC server for atomistic simulation codes. Documentation: rgpot.rgoswami.me. It gives clients one geometry carrier, one result carrier, and one extensible backend-configuration carrier:

• ForceInput: positions, atomic numbers, box, and unit strings
• PotentialResult: energy plus flat force array
• PotentialConfig: backend setup, with arms such as none, nwchem, and cpmd

XC response kernels (rgpot::XcKernel, meson -Dwith_xckernel=true) are in-process only. They are not a Potential, and there is no PotentialConfig.xckernel arm: operands are collocation plus named Libxc arrays, not ForceInput. See docs/xckernel.md. pylibxc is not on PyPI (pylibxc2 is an unrelated stub); use the conda-forge libxc package via pixi install -e xckernel.

D3Pot and D4Pot (meson -Dwith_dftd3 / -Dwith_dftd4) are in-process Potential summands: construct them and evaluate ForceInput to energy and forces. There is no PotentialConfig.d3 or PotentialConfig.d4 arm. A DFT host sums XcKernel + VV10 + D4 itself; dispersion is not folded into the XC kernel.

ExprPot (meson -Dwith_expr=true) compiles a Lepton energy string over named child Potential objects. The parser is vendored OpenMM Lepton; there is no pixi muparser feature and no PotentialConfig.expr arm.

In-process LJPot vs pyeonclient Matter on the same LJ fixture is scripts/time_lj_rgpot_vs_pyeonclient.py (rg.terra). On rg.terra (2026-09-04, 1e6 calls) A (LJPot::operator()) was 31-33 ns/call and B (in-process pyeonclient Matter.forces, not potserv) was 687 to 791 ns/call. XcKernel is not a Potential and is not part of that race. See docs/orgmode/howto/exprpot.org.

The public wire schema lives in CppCore/rgpot/rpc/Potentials.capnp and is shared by the C++ server, Python integration tests, and the Rust core crate. Native rgpot units are eV and Angstrom. RPC clients may request compatible units through ForceInput.lengthUnit and ForceInput.energyUnit.

Python (PyPI)

Install the manylinux wheel (nanobind abi3, Python >= 3.12 for the stable ABI extension; requires-python is >= 3.10 for pure metadata):

pip install rgpot
# Metatomic path (engine libs resolve from these packages at runtime):
pip install 'rgpot[metatomic]'
# or: pip install torch metatomic-torch metatensor-torch metatensor-core vesin

The PyPI wheel compiles ExprPot (vendored Lepton), D3Pot, D4Pot, and XcKernel. s-dftd3 / dftd4 are linked and vendored; no conda install is required at pip install time. Lennard-Jones needs only numpy. Metatomic uses dlopen of a bundled engine:

• layout: rgpot/lib/torch-X.Y/libmetatomic_engine.so
• picker: installed torch major (same multi-ABI idea as metatomic-torch)
• supported torch majors: 2.7 and newer (wheels ship 2.7–2.13 engines)
• torch 2.6 and older are not supported for Metatomic dlopen

import numpy as np
import rgpot

print(rgpot.__version__)
print(rgpot.has_expr, rgpot.has_dftd3, rgpot.has_dftd4, rgpot.has_xckernel)
print(rgpot.available_metatomic_engine_abis())  # e.g. 2.7 .. 2.13
# energy, forces, variance = rgpot.LJPot()(positions, atom_types, box)
# energy, forces, variance = rgpot.D3Pot()(positions, atom_types, box)
# energy, forces, variance = rgpot.ExprPot(
#     "0.5*lj + d3", {"lj": "lj", "d3": "d3"})(positions, atom_types, box)
# print(rgpot.XcKernel.catalog())
# energy, forces, variance = rgpot.evaluate_metatomic(
#     positions, atom_types, box, model_path="model.pt")

See https://pypi.org/project/rgpot/.

Build And Test

Meson is the primary build path. Use the rpctest environment when running the RPC integration scripts because they need pycapnp.

pixi shell -e rpctest
meson setup bbdir -Dwith_tests=true -Dwith_rpc=true --buildtype=debug
meson compile -C bbdir
meson test -C bbdir --print-errorlogs
python tests/rpc_integ.py --server-bin ./bbdir/CppCore/potserv

CMake is supported as well:

cmake -B build \
  -DRGPOT_BUILD_TESTS=ON \
  -DRGPOT_BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \
  -DRGPOT_WITH_RPC=ON
cmake --build build
ctest --test-dir build --output-on-failure

For client-only consumers that only need the Cap'n Proto schema and generated RPC client types:

cmake -B build_client \
  -DRGPOT_RPC_CLIENT_ONLY=ON \
  -DRGPOT_BUILD_TESTS=ON
cmake --build build_client
ctest --test-dir build_client --output-on-failure

Backends

Backend	Server selector	Build / runtime notes
LJ	LJ	Built-in 12-6 Lennard-Jones reference potential
CuH2Pot	CuH2	Built-in Cu-H EAM potential
XTBPot	XTB, GFNFF, GFN0xTB, GFN1xTB	Enable with -Dwith_xtb=true; use pixi env xtbbld or tbbld; linked XTBPot + dlopen libxtb_engine.so (see docs/xtb_backends.md)
TBLitePot	TBLite, TBLiteGFN1, TBLiteIPEA1	Enable with -Dwith_tblite=true; use pixi env tblitebld or tbbld
D3Pot	D3	In-process Potential summand. Enable with -Dwith_dftd3=true; use pixi env dftd3 or dftd. BJ/zero damping, functional key, explicit ATM flag. No PotentialConfig.d3. Goldens: meson test --suite dftd
D4Pot	D4	In-process Potential summand. Enable with -Dwith_dftd4=true; use pixi env dftd4 or dftd. Functional key, charge, explicit ATM/many-body flag. No PotentialConfig.d4. Goldens: meson test --suite dftd
ExprPot	in-process	Enable with -Dwith_expr=true. Vendored OpenMM Lepton (no pixi muparser). Named Potential children; construct-time fail-closed names. No PotentialConfig.expr.
MetatomicPot	Metatomic:<model_path>	Enable with -Dwith_metatomic=true; use pixi env metatomicbld. Pip engines: torch 2.7+
UmaPot	Uma:<model_path>, Uma:<model_path>:omol	Enable with -Dwith_metatomic=true. AOTInductor .pt2 plus vesin neighbor lists; charge/spin are per-call tensor inputs
NWChemPot	NWChem	Frontend always builds; load libnwchemc from the split nwchemc project at runtime
CPMDPot	CPMD	Frontend always builds; load libcpmdc from the split cpmdc project at runtime
UmaPot	Uma:<model.pt2>	UMA / OMol AOTInductor .pt2. Vesin neighbors, one package per composition. See CppCore/rgpot/UmaPot/README.md.
SkalaPot	Skala	Skala XC on NWChem DFT via libnwchemc.
MOPACPot	MOPAC	Frontend always builds; load libmopacc from the split mopacc project at runtime (OpenMOPAC). Packed params. Default model AM1.

Copyable construct-and-evaluate (meson -Dwith_expr=true). PotentialHandle::from_impl / rgpot_potential_new_eindir wraps that one ExprPot as one eindir objective for rgmin, rgsaddle, and anneal.

#include "rgpot/ExprPot/ExprPot.hpp"
#include "rgpot/LennardJones/LJPot.hpp"
#include "rgpot/Morse/MorsePot.hpp"
#include "rgpot/types/AtomMatrix.hpp"

#include <array>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>

int main() {
  std::vector<rgpot::ExprPot::Term> terms;
  terms.emplace_back("lj", std::make_unique<rgpot::LJPot>());
  terms.emplace_back("morse", std::make_unique<rgpot::MorsePot>());
  rgpot::ExprPot pot("0.5*lj + morse", std::move(terms));

  rgpot::types::AtomMatrix positions{{1.0, 2.0, 3.0}, {1.5, 2.5, 3.5}};
  std::vector<int> atomTypes{0, 0};
  std::array<std::array<double, 3>, 3> box{{
      {15.0, 0.0, 0.0},
      {0.0, 20.0, 0.0},
      {0.0, 0.0, 30.0},
  }};
  auto [energy, forces, variance] = pot(positions, atomTypes, box);
  (void)forces;
  (void)variance;
  (void)energy;
}

When the build also has -Dwith_dftd3=true, swap the Morse child for D3Pot and the string "0.5*lj + d3".

Example server commands:

./bbdir/CppCore/potserv 12345 LJ
./bbdir/CppCore/potserv 12345 Metatomic:CppCore/tests/data/lj38/lennard-jones.pt
CPMDC_LIBRARY=/path/to/libcpmdc.so ./bbdir/CppCore/potserv 12345 CPMD
NWCHEMC_LIBRARY=/path/to/libnwchemc.so ./bbdir/CppCore/potserv 12345 NWChem

CPMD And NWChem Configuration

CPMD and NWChem do not use ad hoc rgpot config files. They use the PotentialConfig union over RPC:

• PotentialConfig.cpmd carries CPMDParams for CPMDPot
• PotentialConfig.nwchem carries NWChemParams for NWChemPot
• geometry still arrives through ForceInput on every calculate() call

For CPMD, tests/cpmd_params.py contains pycapnp helpers for building CPMDParams and PotentialConfig.cpmd messages. The helper covers scalar fields, raw inputBlocks, and every structured CPMDInputSection arm. See CppCore/rgpot/CPMDPot/README.md for the engine lookup order and schema field mapping.

The CPMD runtime path is:

1. Build libcpmdc.so in the split cpmdc repository (or use the in-tree libcpmdc_fake_engine.so from a -Dwith_tests=true build for CI).
2. Start potserv <port> CPMD with CPMDC_LIBRARY, RGPOT_CPMDC_ENGINE, or RGPOT_CPMD_ENGINE pointing at that shared library.
3. Send configure(PotentialConfig.cpmd) once for method setup.
4. Send ForceInput on each calculate() call for geometry and requested output units.

For NWChem, tests/nwchem_params.py builds NWChemParams / PotentialConfig.nwchem. Engine lookup order is NWCHEMC_LIBRARY, RGPOT_NWCHEMC_ENGINE, RGPOT_NWCHEM_ENGINE, then enginePath on params. See CppCore/rgpot/NWChemPot/README.md. The NWChem runtime path mirrors CPMD:

1. Build libnwchemc.so in the split nwchemc repository (or libnwchemc_fake_engine.so from a tests build).
2. Start potserv <port> NWChem with the library env vars above.
3. configure(PotentialConfig.nwchem) once, then calculate(ForceInput).

potctl drives the same Potential Cap'n Proto RPC against potserv (bridge stress and CI legs pass the potential name such as NWChem or CPMD).

Developer Tasks

Hooks use prek through prek.toml. Common commands:

pixi r prek-install
pixi r prek
pixi r rust-test
pixi r -e rpctest python tests/test_cpmd_params.py
pixi r -e rpctest python tests/test_nwchem_params.py
pixi r -e rpctest python tests/test_rpc_integ_cpmd.py
pixi r -e rpctest python tests/test_rpc_integ_nwchem.py
# Full RPC + C ABI E2E (point env at built fake engines + potserv)
export RGPOT_POTSERV=/path/to/bbdir/CppCore/potserv
export NWCHEMC_LIBRARY=/path/to/bbdir/CppCore/libnwchemc_fake_engine.so
export RGPOT_CPMD_ENGINE=/path/to/bbdir/CppCore/libcpmdc_fake_engine.so
pixi r -e rpctest python tests/test_rpc_e2e_c_abi.py
pixi r -e rpctest python tests/rpc_integ.py \
  --server-bin ./bbdir/CppCore/potserv \
  --nwchem-smoke \
  --cpmd-smoke

The root README is generated from readme_src.org. Project documentation sources live under docs/orgmode/.

License

MIT, with backend-specific notes: some potentials are adapted from eOn under BSD-3-Clause terms. The unit expression parser in CppCore/rgpot/units.cc is derived from metatomic-torch (BSD-3-Clause, metatensor developers).