diff --git a/.github/workflows/branch-checks.yml b/.github/workflows/branch-checks.yml
index 7713febb6f..9545ec1fd4 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/branch-checks.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/branch-checks.yml
@@ -172,6 +172,35 @@ jobs:
       - name: Test
         run: mise run test:python
 
+  rootless-caps:
+    name: Rootless capability tests
+    needs: pr_metadata
+    if: needs.pr_metadata.outputs.should_run == 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@9c091bb21b7c1c1d1991bb908d89e4e9dddfe3e0 # v7.0.0
+
+      - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@fa04a1451ff1842e2626ccb99004d0195b455a88
+        with:
+          toolchain: "1.95.0"
+
+      - name: Run supervisor capability tests without CAP_SETPCAP
+        run: |
+          sudo useradd -m testuser
+          sudo chmod a+rx /home/runner /home/runner/work /home/runner/work/OpenShell
+          sudo chmod -R a+rX "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE"
+          sudo cp -r /home/runner/.rustup /home/testuser/.rustup
+          sudo chown -R testuser: /home/testuser/.rustup
+          sudo mkdir -p /home/testuser/.cargo
+          sudo cp /home/runner/.cargo/config.toml /home/testuser/.cargo/ 2>/dev/null || true
+          sudo chown -R testuser: /home/testuser/.cargo
+          sudo -u testuser env \
+            PATH="/home/testuser/.cargo/bin:/home/testuser/.rustup/toolchains/1.95.0-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin:$PATH" \
+            CARGO_HOME="/home/testuser/.cargo" \
+            RUSTUP_HOME="/home/testuser/.rustup" \
+            CARGO_TARGET_DIR="/home/testuser/target" \
+            bash -c "cd $GITHUB_WORKSPACE && cargo test -p openshell-supervisor-process --lib -- capability_bounding drop_privileges"
+
   markdown:
     name: Markdown
     needs: pr_metadata
diff --git a/crates/openshell-supervisor-process/src/process.rs b/crates/openshell-supervisor-process/src/process.rs
index c1b6b45328..d228797e6e 100644
--- a/crates/openshell-supervisor-process/src/process.rs
+++ b/crates/openshell-supervisor-process/src/process.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ use std::process::Stdio;
 #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
 use std::sync::OnceLock;
 use tokio::process::{Child, Command};
-use tracing::debug;
+use tracing::{debug, warn};
 
 const SUPERVISOR_ONLY_ENV_VARS: &[&str] = &[
     openshell_core::sandbox_env::SANDBOX_TOKEN,
@@ -189,6 +189,14 @@ fn validate_capability_bounding_set_clear(
                 "Failed to clear unknown child capability bounding set entries: {unknown_err}"
             )),
         },
+        Err(err) if err.code() == libc::EPERM => {
+            warn!(
+                ?remaining,
+                "CAP_SETPCAP is unavailable and the child capability bounding set is non-empty; \
+                 the child process relies on seccomp and Landlock for confinement"
+            );
+            Ok(())
+        }
         Err(err) => Err(miette::miette!(
             "Failed to clear child capability bounding set: {err}"
         )),
@@ -1150,22 +1158,17 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
-    fn capability_bounding_set_clear_rejects_nonempty_eperm() {
+    fn capability_bounding_set_clear_tolerates_nonempty_eperm() {
         let mut remaining = capctl::caps::CapSet::empty();
         remaining.add(capctl::caps::Cap::CHOWN);
 
-        let result = validate_capability_bounding_set_clear(
-            Err(capctl::Error::from_code(libc::EPERM)),
-            remaining,
-            || panic!("unknown capabilities should not be checked when known caps remain"),
-        );
-
-        assert!(result.is_err());
         assert!(
-            result
-                .unwrap_err()
-                .to_string()
-                .contains("Failed to clear child capability bounding set")
+            validate_capability_bounding_set_clear(
+                Err(capctl::Error::from_code(libc::EPERM)),
+                remaining,
+                || panic!("unknown capabilities should not be checked when known caps remain"),
+            )
+            .is_ok()
         );
     }
 
@@ -1270,21 +1273,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let result = drop_privileges(&policy);
 
-        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
-        {
-            if capability_bounding_set_clear_available() {
-                assert!(result.is_ok(), "drop_privileges failed: {result:?}");
-            } else {
-                let msg = format!("{}", result.unwrap_err());
-                assert!(
-                    msg.contains("Failed to clear child capability bounding set"),
-                    "unexpected failure: {msg}"
-                );
-            }
-        }
-
-        #[cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))]
-        assert!(result.is_ok());
+        assert!(result.is_ok(), "drop_privileges failed: {result:?}");
     }
 
     #[test]